Afghanistan is acutely exposed to climate change due to its mountainous terrain, glacier- and snowmelt-dependent water systems, and heavy reliance on rainfed and irrigated agriculture and livestock. Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, erratic rainfall, and recurrent floods are straining water supplies, degrading land, and threatening rural livelihoods. These climate pressures are already undermining food security, public health, and economic stability. Although government and international partners have launched adaptation initiatives, limited resources, weak infrastructure, and institutional gaps continue to…